Extended Data Fig. 10: Characterization of the roles of CLF, SWN and CK2 in vernalization.

a, SWN expression in the indicated seedlings. Transcripts were quantified by qPCR and normalized to PP2A. Data are presented as mean values ± s.d. of three biological replicates. b, Phenotypes of the indicated lines grown in LDs. c, ChIP analysis of H3K27me3 enrichment at FLC upon 35-d cold exposure (vernalization) in the indicated seedlings. Levels of FLC fragments were quantified by qPCR and normalized to total input DNA. Data are presented as mean values ± s.d. of three biological replicates. d, Flowering times of the indicated lines (grown in LDs) following vernalization (35-d cold treatment). e, Total leaf number at flowering of the transgenic lines of FRI clf-29 expressing CLFpro-CLF or CLFS182A. Plants were grown in LDs. f, FRI ck2b is partially vernalization-insensitive. FRI-Col and FRI ck2b seedlings were exposed to cold for 35 d. Dots in (d-f) represent individual measurements (n = 12), and middle lines for medians. The data in (c) and (d) were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and two-tailed t test, respectively.