Table 5 Joint analysis of plant-based diet index (PDI) and dietary pattern for achieving healthy aging

uPDI	Case/N	Base model^a	Multivariable-adjusted^b	P-interaction^c
Low-uPDI Omnivore	304/1,522	Reference	Reference	0.08
Low-uPDI Vegetarian	21/115	1.03 (0.61, 1.72)	0.97 (0.57, 1.65)
High-uPDI Omnivore	221/990	1.17 (0.95, 1.45)	1.06 (0.85, 1.32)
High-uPDI Vegetarian	36/261	0.65 (0.44, 0.97)	0.56 (0.37, 0.84)
hPDI		Base model	Multivariable-adjusted	P-interaction
High-hPDI Omnivore	216/1100	Reference	Reference	0.19
Low-hPDI Omnivore	299/1412	1.01 (0.82, 1.24)	1.12 (0.90, 1.39)
Low-hPDI Vegetarian	16/112	0.60 (0.34, 1.07)	0.54 (0.30, 0.97)
High-hPDI Vegetarian	41/264	0.76 (0.52, 1.12)	0.77 (0.52, 1.14)

uPDI unhealthy plant-based diet index, hPDI healthy plant-based diet index.
^aAdjusted for age (year) and sex.
^bFurther adjusted for ethnic group (Han vs. others), residence (urban vs. rural), year of education (0, 1–9, > 9 years), household income (<8000 CNY, 8000–30,000 CNY, >30,000 CNY), marital status (married and cohabiting or other), smoking status (never, former, current), alcohol use (never, former, current), exercise status (never, former, current), body-mass index (BMI; underweight, normal, and overweight/obese), and year of enrollment (1998, 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011 or 2014).
^cIntegration was tested by the likelihood ratio test.

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