Table 2 Associations of dietary patterns with biological aging

From: EAT-Lancet and plant-based diets, plasma metabolomic signatures, and biological aging

Diet pattern

KDM-BA acceleration (β)

PhenoAge acceleration (β)

Telomere length (percent change)

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

Model 1

Model 2

EAT-Lancet diet index

 Per 1 SD increment

−0.85 (−0.90, −0.81)

−0.53 (−0.57, −0.49)

−0.72 (−0.75, −0.68)

−0.43 (−0.46, −0.39)

0.37% (0.28%, 0.46%)

0.30% (0.21%, 0.39%)

 Quartile 1

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 Quartile 2

−0.85 (−0.96, −0.73)

−0.51 (−0.62, −0.40)

−0.66 (−0.75, −0.57)

−0.39 (−0.48, −0.31)

0.13% (−0.11%, 0.36%)

0.07% (−0.17%, 0.30%)

 Quartile 3

−1.37 (−1.49, −1.25)

−0.81(−0.92, −0.70)

−1.10 (−1.20, −1.00)

−0.65 (−0.74, −0.56)

0.43% (0.19%, 0.68%)

0.32% (0.08%, 0.57%)

 Quartile 4

−2.14 (−2.26, −2.02)

−1.22 (−1.33, −1.10)

−1.79 (−1.89, −1.70)

−1.05 (−1.14, −0.96)

1.05% (0.80%, 1.29%)

0.84% (0.59%, 1.09%)

 P trend

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

PDI

 Per 1 SD increment

−0.59 (−0.64, −0.55)

−0.38 (−0.42, −0.34)

−0.39 (−0.64, −0.14)

−0.21 (−0.24, −0.18)

0.15% (0.06%, 0.23%)

0.10% (0.01%, 0.19%)

 Quartile 1

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 Quartile 2

−0.61 (−0.73, −0.50)

−0.37 (−0.48, −0.26)

−0.45 (−0.54, −0.35)

−0.24 (−0.33, −0.15)

0.06% (−0.18%, 0.30%)

0.01% (−0.23%, 0.24%)

 Quartile 3

−0.96 (−1.08, −0.84)

−0.54 (−0.66, −0.43)

−0.65 (−0.74, −0.55)

−0.30 (−0.38, −0.21)

0.12% (−0.12%, 0.37%)

0.03% (−0.21%, 0.27%)

 Quartile 4

−1.53 (−1.65, −1.41)

−1.00 (−1.11, −0.88)

−0.97 (−1.06, −0.87)

−0.51 (−0.60, −0.42)

0.25% (0.00%, 0.49%)

0.12% (−0.13%, 0.37%)

 P trend

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.041

0.344

hPDI

 Per 1 SD increment

−0.62 (−0.66, −0.58)

−0.33 (−0.37, −0.29)

−0.58 (−0.61, −0.54)

−0.33 (−0.37, −0.30)

0.18% (0.09%, 0.27%)

0.12% (0.04%, 0.21%)

 Quartile 1

Ref

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Ref

Ref

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 Quartile 2

−0.46 (−0.58, −0.34)

−0.15 (−0.26, −0.03)

−0.51 (−0.61, −0.41)

−0.25 (−0.34, −0.16)

0.19% (−0.05%, 0.44%)

0.14% (−0.10%, 0.39%)

 Quartile 3

−0.82 (−0.93, −0.70)

−0.33 (−0.44, −0.22)

−0.86 (−0.94, −0.77)

−0.47 (−0.55, −0.38)

0.16% (−0.08%, 0.39%)

0.07% (−0.16%, 0.31%)

 Quartile 4

−1.62 (−1.74, −1.49)

−0.87 (−0.99, −0.76)

−1.48 (−1.58, −1.38)

−0.87 (−0.96, −0.77)

0.57% (0.32%, 0.82%)

0.42% (0.17%, 0.68%)

 P trend

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.004

uPDI

 Per 1 SD increment

0.39 (0.34, 0.43)

0.26 (0.22, 0.30)

0.38 (0.34, 0.41)

0.28 (0.24, 0.31)

−0.14% (−0.22%, −0.05%)

−0.12% (−0.21%, −0.04%)

 Quartile 1

Ref

Ref

Ref

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 Quartile 2

0.31 (0.19, 0.43)

0.23 (0.13, 0.34)

0.31 (0.21, 0.40)

0.26 (0.17, 0.35)

0.05% (−0.19%, 0.29%)

0.06% (−0.18%, 0.30%)

 Quartile 3

0.61 (0.48, 0.73)

0.46 (0.34, 0.58)

0.52 (0.42, 0.62)

0.41 (0.32, 0.51)

−0.05% (−0.30%, 0.20%)

−0.03% (−0.28%, 0.22%)

 Quartile 4

0.94 (0.82, 1.06)

0.62 (0.51, 0.73)

0.94 (0.85, 1.04)

0.68 (0.59, 0.77)

−0.38% (−0.62%, −0.14%)

−0.35% (−0.59%, −0.10%)

 P trend

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

<0.001

0.002

0.004

  1. Model 1 was adjusted for age and sex.
  2. Model 2 was additionally adjusted for race, Townsend index, BMI, smoking status, healthy drinking, physical activity, healthy sleep score, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, high cholesterol, hypertension, respiratory disease, and use of antihypertensive medication, lipid-lowering medication, and diabetes medication.
  3. PDI plant-based diet index; hPDI healthy plant-based diet index; uPDI unhealthy plant-based diet index; BMI body mass index; KDM-BA Klemera-Doubal biological age; PhenoAge phenotypic age.
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