Table 1 Baseline characteristics comparison between CLHLS-HF and CHARLS

Age

85.80 (11.05)

71.16 (5.92)

1.653

<0.001

Gender (%)

0.083

<0.001

female

4777 (55.07)

2124 (50.92)

male

3898 (44.93)

2047 (49.08)

Residence (%)

0.044

0.069

urban

1623 (18.71)

831 (19.92)

town

1962 (22.62)

878 (21.05)

rural

5090 (58.67)

2462 (59.03)

Region (%)

0.876

<0.001

eastern

3545 (40.86)

1201 (28.79)

central

2219 (25.58)

1191 (28.55)

western

2292 (26.42)

298 (7.14)

northeastern

619 (7.14)

1481 (35.51)

Birthplace (%)

2.767

<0.001

native

7371 (84.97)

3988 (95.61)

outlander

1304 (15.03)

183 (4.39)

Education (%)

0.198

<0.001

illiteracy

5152 (59.39)

2068 (49.58)

literacy

3523 (40.61)

2103 (50.42)

Retirement benefit (yes, %)

1732 (19.97)

898 (21.53)

0.039

0.040

Marital status (%)

0.810

<0.001

married

3232 (37.26)

3108 (74.51)

others

5443 (62.74)

1063 (25.49)

Life satisfaction

2.36 (0.81)

2.86 (0.72)

0.650

<0.001

Health status

2.75 (0.93)

3.36 (0.88)

0.675

<0.001

Feel fearfulness

0.99 (0.90)

0.40 (0.86)

0.663

<0.001

Feel loneliness

1.05 (0.96)

0.74 (1.11)

0.304

<0.001

Feel uselessness

1.83 (1.01)

1.23 (1.25)

0.521

<0.001

Feel unhappiness

1.25 (1.02)

1.28 (1.22)

0.031

0.998

Feel insomnia

0.55 (0.76)

1.24 (1.26)

0.666

<0.001

Sleep time

7.83 (2.38)

5.98 (2.07)

0.829

<0.001

Smoke (%)

1.125

<0.001

never

1529 (17.63)

2395 (57.42)

ever

5664 (65.29)

780 (18.70)

now

1482 (17.08)

996 (23.88)

Drink (%)

1.176

<0.001

never

1318 (15.19)

2433 (58.33)

ever

5932 (68.38)

863 (20.69)

now

1425 (16.43)

875 (20.98)

Active outdoor

2.04 (0.95)

2.52 (0.81)

0.549

<0.001

Active playcards

2.85 (0.49)

2.82 (0.52)

0.042

0.037

Active social

2.93 (0.35)

2.99 (0.13)

0.231

<0.001

Travel status (yes, %)

506 (5.83)

255 (6.11)

0.012

0.528

ADL bathing

0.37 (0.74)

0.12 (0.42)

0.413

<0.001

ADL dressing

0.22 (0.61)

0.06 (0.30)

0.341

<0.001

ADL toileting

0.17 (0.49)

0.11 (0.40)

0.140

<0.001

ADL gettingup

0.15 (0.46)

0.05 (0.27)

0.265

<0.001

ADL continence

0.08 (0.33)

0.06 (0.33)

0.058

<0.001

ADL eating

0.11 (0.40)

0.04 (0.24)

0.227

<0.001

ADL shopping

0.68 (0.89)

0.25 (0.64)

0.550

<0.001

ADL cooking

0.69 (0.90)

0.24 (0.63)

0.582

<0.001

ADL washing

0.67 (0.89)

0.23 (0.61)

0.574

<0.001

ADL walking

0.82 (0.89)

0.40 (0.78)

0.503

<0.001

ADL carrying

0.78 (0.89)

0.34 (0.74)

0.533

<0.001

ADL crouching

0.89 (0.88)

0.37 (0.74)

0.645

<0.001

Tooth loss (yes, %)

3049 (35.15)

667 (15.99)

0.450

<0.001

SBP

137.43 (21.11)

141.35 (20.42)

0.189

<0.001

DBP

79.52 (11.56)

76.86 (10.76)

0.238

<0.001

HR

74.28 (8.97)

73.31 (8.52)

0.111

<0.001

Weight

50.70 (11.02)

56.22 (10.43)

0.514

<0.001

Height

156.53 (9.77)

155.73 (8.14)

0.089

<0.001

BMI

20.61 (3.65)

23.11 (3.47)

0.704

<0.001

Length of upper arm

50.09 (7.18)

33.53 (2.34)

3.100

<0.001

Height knee

46.76 (7.20)

47.16 (3.26)

0.072

<0.001

Hypertension (%)

8591 (99.03)

2914 (69.86)

0.879

<0.001

Diabetes (%)

1098 (12.66)

527 (12.63)

0.001

0.972

Heart disease (%)

2148 (24.76)

1155 (27.69)

0.067

<0.001

Stroke or CVD (%)

1493 (17.21)

273 (6.55)

0.334

<0.001

Pulmonary diseases (%)

2241 (25.83)

1206 (28.91)

0.069

<0.001

Glaucoma (%)

655 (7.55)

159 (3.81)

0.162

<0.001

Cancer (%)

427 (4.92)

62 (1.49)

0.196

<0.001

Gastric or Duodenal ulcer (%)

1128 (13.00)

1385 (33.21)

0.494

<0.001

Cognitive impairment (%)

1632 (18.81)

217 (5.20)

0.428

<0.001

Arthritis or Rheumatoid (%)

3690 (42.54)

2266 (54.33)

0.238

<0.001

Hepatobiliary disease (%)

891 (10.27)

247 (5.92)

0.160

<0.001

Dyslipidemia (%)

726 (8.37)

783 (18.77)

0.307

<0.001

Epilepsy (%)

351 (4.05)

152 (3.64)

0.021

0.271

Kidney disease (%)

439 (5.06)

437 (10.48)

0.203

<0.001

Multimorbidity count

2.94 (2.31)

2.82 (1.10)

0.064

<0.001