Fig. 2: YZH alleviates ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury in a gut microbiota-dependent manner, restoring microbial balance.

A Serum ALT in each group (n = 5). B Serum AST in each group (n = 5). C Serum ALP in each group (n = 5). D Representative images of liver sections after staining with H&E (100 μm). E Representative images of liver sections after staining with Masson (200 μm). F Quantification of histological score (n = 5). G Quantification of collagen volume fraction (%) (n = 5). H Alpha diversity of gut microbial communities assessed by Simpson and the Observed_OTUs (n = 5). I NMDS plot of weighted UniFrac analysis (n = 5). J LEfSe analysis identifying differentially abundant taxa between ANIT and 5.4 g/kg YZH-treated mice. The criteria for feature selection is Log LDA Score > 2. K Relative abundance of Alistipes in human feces (n = 10–19). L Relative abundance of Clostridium in human feces (n = 10–19). Data are represented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001. YZH Yinzhihuang, ANIT alpha^-naphthyl isothiocyanate, ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate transaminase, ALP alkaline phosphatase, H&E hematoxylin and eosin, NMDS non-metric multidimensional scaling, LDA linear discriminant analysis, LEfSe LDA Effect Size, qPCR quantitative polymerase chain reaction.