Fig. 6: The relationship between dietary composition and antibiotic residues in Vespertilio sinensis.

a The chordal graph shows the composition of insect orders in the diet of bats across different groups. b The box plot displays the differences in alpha diversity of dietary composition among different groups. c Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordinations reveal the differences in dietary composition among groups. d The composition of antibiotics detected in each fecal sample. e The dominant antibiotic categories detected in all samples. f Procrustes analysis of antibiotics and dietary composition across all groups (M² = 0.868, p = 0.001). g Redundancy analysis (RDA) shows the impact of antibiotics on ARG composition. h Linear correlation between concentration of aminoglycoside antibiotics and the abundance of aminoglycoside ARGs.