Table 9 Human studies on NSW and hormonal levels
From: Night shift work and breast cancer: from etiopathology to precision risk analysis
NSW Effect | Parameter(s) | Outcome | Year | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
↑ E2 and ↓ morning urinary aMT6s in long-term NSW vs day workers | Plasma E2, Morning urinary aMT6s | ↑ E2, ↓ aMT6s | 2004 | |
NS changes in sex steroids in NSW vs day workers | Circulating sex steroids (E2, P, E1, E1S, DHEA, DHEAS, T, androstenedione), morning urinary aMT6s | NS trend ↓ aMT6s | 2006 | |
↑ E2 and ↑ E1 in graveyard shift / awake ≥1 a.m. vs day workers | Serum E2, E1, T, DHEAS | ↑ E2, ↑ E1; T, DHEAS NS | 2008 | |
NS associations in rotating NSW vs day workers | Urinary aMT6s, E2, E1, P, prolactin | NS | 2012 | |
↓ aMT6s, ↑ FSH/LH during NSW vs day workers | Urinary aMT6s, urinary E1C, FSH, LH | ↓ aMT6s; ↑ FSH, ↑ LH; E1C NS | 2012 | |
↑ E2 in premenopausal NSW nurses without naps vs napping and day workers | Serum 17β-E2 | ↑ E2 | 2013 | |
↑ E2 in rotating NSW vs day workers | Serum 17β-E2, urinary aMT6s | ↑ E2; aMT6s NS | 2014 | |
↓ aMT6s; ↑ E2 and P (follicular), ↓ T (phase-specific) in rotating NSW vs day workers | Urinary aMT6s, serum E2, P, T, cortisol, DHEA/S | ↓ aMT6s; ↑ E2, ↑ P; ↓ T; cortisol, DHEA/S NS | 2015 | |
↑ androgens and progestagens; delayed peaks in NSW vs day workers | 24 h urinary androgens (T, DHEA, androsterone, OH-androstenedione, androstanediol), progestagens | ↑ androgens and progestagens; delayed peak | 2015 | |
↑ E2 and DHEAS in long-term rotating NSW ( > 15 y) postmenopausal vs day workers | Serum E2, DHEAS, T | ↑ E2, ↑ DHEAS; T NS | 2016 | |
↓ E2 and melatonin; ↑ leptin, ↑ TNF-α, ↑ IL-1β, ↑ IL-6 in whole-night NSW vs day workers | Melatonin, E2, leptin, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 | ↓ melatonin, ↓ E2; ↑ leptin, ↑ TNF-α, ↑ IL-1β, ↑ IL-6 | 2020 | |
↓ ESR1/ESR2 gene expression in NSW vs day workers | ESR1 and ESR2 gene expression in PBMCs | ↓ ESR1, ↓ ESR2 | 2024 | |
↑ corticosterone, ↑ 11-deoxycortisol, ↑ DHEA, ↑ androstenedione; ↓ E2 in NSW vs day workers | Serum corticosterone, 11-deoxycortisol, DHEA, androstenedione, E2 | ↑ corticosterone, ↑ 11-deoxycortisol, ↑ DHEA, ↑ androstenedione; ↓ E2 | 2025 |
