Fig. 6

a Electric field pulse with ramp time (t r ) and pulse width (t s ). Spatial and temporal trajectories of magnetization switching for b in-plane and d perpendicular 180° switching. Switching time as functions of t r and t s for c in-plane and e perpendicular 180° switching. The gray region or a switching time of zero in c, e means that the 180° switching fails. Temperature is set as 0 K