Fig. 3: Electrochemical state of a moving grain boundary.
From: Electrochemical drag effect on grain boundary motion in ionic ceramics

Defect distribution, charge density, and electrostatic potential in the vicinity of a moving grain boundary of misorientation, Δθ = 30°, for a 2 at% Fe-doped SrTiO3. The grain boundary velocities, a–c 0.1, d–f 1, g–i 50, and j–l 100 nm/s are shown.