Fig. 3: Experimental determination of the DM interaction.

a Schematic illustration of the film structure, an optical microscope image of a representative device and a definition of the coordinate axes. b Switching field \(H_{\mathrm{c}}\) plotted as a function of \(H_x\) for Hall bars made from heterostructures with different Ta seed layer thickness (d). The vertical arrows indicate \(H_{{\mathrm{DM}}}\) obtained by fitting the data with model calculations24. The solid lines show the fitting results. c, d d dependence of the effective perpendicular magnetic anisotropy energy (\(K_{{\mathrm{eff}}}\)) (c) and the DM exchange constant (D) (d).