Fig. 9: Grain morphology of SLMed 316 L stainless steel refined by TiB2 nanoparticles.

a–c Simulation results; d EBSD mapping adopted from the work of AlMangour et al.29. The black dashed lines in b and c indicate the molten pool boundary. The PF simulation domain is 175 × 105 × 100 μm3. Figures d is reprinted from ref. 29 with permission from Elsevier. Scale bars, 25 µm in b, c and 50 µm in d.