Fig. 3: Phase interaction detection.

The residual from the factorization model of Fig. 2 is averaged over three different ranges of photoelectrochemical potential to ascertain whether a given composition outperforms (positive residual) or underperforms (negative residual) the expectation from materials structure–property factorization model at (a) 0.74–0.79 V vs RHE; (b) 0.94–0.99 V vs RHE; and (c) 1.14–1.19 V vs RHE.