Fig. 3: Detection results of in situ measurements of 2D halide perovskites formation. | npj Computational Materials

Fig. 3: Detection results of in situ measurements of 2D halide perovskites formation.

From: Tracking perovskite crystallization via deep learning-based feature detection on 2D X-ray scattering data

Fig. 3: Detection results of in situ measurements of 2D halide perovskites formation.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Diffraction patterns in (a) and (b) are annotated with Bragg reflections detected by the machine learning algorithm at t = 0 s and t = 60 s, respectively. Radial profiles above the images show the initial radial profiles calculated from the diffraction patterns (left images) and the profiles calculated based on the detected peaks (right images). c The distribution of the absolute error of radial peak positions location by the model with 50% and 95% percentiles. d The radial positions of the detected peaks over time. e The evolution of a lattice parameter b over time for n = 2 phase of (BA)2(MA)n−1PbnI3n+1 (denoted as BAMAI on the legend) perovskite calculated via the detected peaks positions. The error bars indicate the standard errors (s.e.m.) of the fit calculated using Hessian matrices.

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