Fig. 2: Magnon excitation.

Temporal profiles of the Δmz(z = d, t) at the top surface of the MAFO within a t = 0–0.5 ns showing the evolution of higher-mode (n ≥ 1) exchange magnon and b t = 2.5–8.5 ns showing the low-frequency precession of n = 0 mode magnon. Note that Δmz(z, t) = mz(z, t)-mz(z, t = 0), and t = 0 is defined as the moment the acoustic pulse enters the MAFO film from its bottom surface (z = 0). c Frequency spectra of the Δmz(z = d, t) within t = 0–8.5 ns (red line) and the thickness-averaged acoustic pulse < εzz > (t) (black line). Inset: enlarged section within frequency f = 0–3 GHz. d Spatial profiles of the n = 2, 1, and 0 mode magnon components, represented by the normalized Δmz(z, t) across the 15-nm-thick MAFO.