Fig. 4: Comparison of the density of state, phonon Modes and the spectra of pristine and defected MoS2 systems.

Shows the vibrational density of states and phonon modes of a pristine MoS2 monolayer (a) and that of a MoS2 monolayer with a single void (b). The difference between the two is evident in the low-frequency regime. c Shows the phonon participation ratio calculated by MD. The presence of a nanopore suppresses phonons with participation ratio values below 0.4. This behavior is consistent with Anderson’s theory of localization of waves in disordered two-dimensional systems driven by interference between multiple wave scattering as well as experimental observations in other two-dimensional materials. d and e denote the Photoluminescence and Raman spectra of Pristine MoS2 and defected MoS2 with a nanopore respectively.