Fig. 9: Inverse design of the crystal orientation in polycrystalline copper.

Subfigure (a) shows the targeted local mechanical properties (ground truth) of \({\sigma }_{{zz}}\) extract from the corner cell under different deformation stage xi, represented by black dots. The red dashed line indicates the JAX-CPFEM simulation outputs based on the initial guess for optimization, which significantly deviates from the targeted properties. The purple line represents JAX-CPFEM simulation results based on the crystal orientations designed by gradient-based optimization. The purple line closely aligns with the targeted properties, demonstrating the robustness of our pipeline. Subfigure (b) illustrates the percentage reduction in the objective function value falls within 0.4% with 32 steps.