Fig. 1: Structure and paravalley state.
From: Breathing ferroelectricity induced topological valley states in kagome niobium halide monolayers
A schematic structure for the (a) bulk and (b) monolayer Nb3I8 from the perspective of side and top views. The green spheres represent Nb atoms and the light purple spheres represent I atoms. c The magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) of monolayer Nb3I8. The MAE is determined by subtracting the energy of the system in the lowest energy (preferred) magnetic orientation from the energy of the system in other orientations. d The band structure considering spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect and the corresponding element projected density of states (DOS) of Nb3I8. e The circularly polarized light absorption and (f) corresponding Berry curvatures of the pristine monolayer Nb3I8. The Chern number is calculated to be 0.
