Fig. 2: Modulated valley polarization state.
From: Breathing ferroelectricity induced topological valley states in kagome niobium halide monolayers
a The MAE of monolayer Nb3I8 as a function of the applied electric field. The inset shows the variation of normalized MAE in polar coordinates, where the magnetic moment transitions from in-plane (blue) to out-of-plane alignment (red). θ represents polar angle in spherical coordinates. Details of the corresponding mechanism are provided in Supplementary Note 1. b The band structure and the corresponding projected DOS of Nb element’s d orbitals of monolayer Nb3I8 in the VP state. c The circularly polarized light absorption and (d) corresponding Berry curvatures of the VP state Nb3I8 monolayer. The Chern number is calculated to be 0.
