Fig. 5: Nanofiber-reinforced composite material design.

a The fabrication process of nanofiber-reinforced composite materials. b Multi-stage learning for composite material prediction. The model originally trained for predicting the mechanical properties of nanofibers was further fine-tuned using a layer-wise learning rate decay strategy to predict the mechanical properties of nanofiber-reinforced composites. c Test performance of different training strategy. Lower RMSE indicates better performance. d The measured tensile strength versus predicted plots. The dashed line represents y = x. The gray zone represents the predictions with absolute errors in the range of [-5, 5]. Color blocks represent training stages. CP, FP, and S denote training with composite material data, nanofiber data, and microstructure data, respectively. e, f Macroscopic and microscopic morphology of nanofibers and composites. g Longitudinal and transverse stress-strain curves of nanofibers and composites. Each experiment was independently repeated three times. h, i Measured and predicted fracture strength of nanofibers and composites.