Fig. 1: Comparison of VASP MLIP-multi and MACE MLIP-committee for the naphthalene molecular crystal.

a Correlation plot of relative energies, \(\Delta {E}_{{\rm{DFT(MLIP)}}}={E}_{{\rm{DFT(MLIP)}}}-{E}_{{\rm{DFT}}}^{\text{min}\,}\), and b forces predicted by DFT and MLIPs. c Error box plot of harmonic phonons (Γ-point) obtained with MLIPs. d Outliers identified from the box plot in (c). The wavenumbers of the modes correspond to those of the associated modes of the reference VASP DFT calculations.