Fig. 4: Lifetimes of skyrmions and antiskyrmions as a function of the 4-site HOI.
From: Impact of higher-order exchange on the lifetime of skyrmions and antiskyrmions
a, c Energy barrier (black) and pre-exponential factor ν0/T (purple) for the skyrmion (a) and the antiskyrmion (c) annihilation in fcc-Pd/Fe/Ir(111) for a magnetic field of B⊥ = 6 T (skyrmions) and B⊥ = 4 T (antiskyrmions) as a function of the 4-site HOI K1. The value \({K}_{1}^{\rm{DFT}}\) corresponds to the one determined in DFT calculations41. Mean lifetime τ for isolated skyrmions (b) and antiskyrmions (d) for various temperatures T and values of K1 calculated within HTST. The one-week- and one-hour-isoline of τ are given as black lines.
