Fig. 3: Correlation between static retinal vessel parameters with average DS3 and cardiac severity score.

Scatterplots show the Pearson correlations between SVA parameters CRAE, CRVE, and AVR (all n=60) with average DS3 (n=63), including the corresponding correlation coefficient (r) and p-value (a–c). Spearman correlations are shown for CRAE, CRVE and AVR with the Cardiac Severity Score, including the corresponding correlation coefficient (ρ) LOESS curves with 95% confidence intervals are displayed to illustrate the negative, potentially non-linear associations (d–f). This figure was created with Affinity Publisher (Version 2.5.5).