Fig. 11: EPMA cross-sectional morphology and the corresponding element distribution of the scale formed on the LPBF sample.

a The EPMA cross-sectional morphology of the LPBF sample. b O element distribution of the scale formed on the LPBF sample. c Cr element distribution of the scale formed on the LPBF sample. d Ni element distribution of the scale formed on the LPBF sample. e Fe element distribution of the scale formed on the LPBF sample. f Mn element distribution of the scale formed on the LPBF sample.