Fig. 9: Comparison of pure iron and titanium interference screws.

Specifications of (A) pure iron interference screw and (B) titanium interference screw. The porous outer layer, composed of quadrangular poles ranging from 210 to 390 μm, is designed to promote osteointegration. Microscopic examination revealed the rough surface of the iron interference screw, and a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) view of the implant was provided. The scale bar in the SEM image represents 50 µm.