Table 1 Demographics characteristics and greyscale median analysis results of study cohorts

From: Spatial variations and precise location of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in Parkinson’s disease using TCS-MR fusion imaging

Parameters

PD (n = 84)

HC (n = 62)

χ²/t/U

P

Gender (male, n, %)

52 (61.9)

47 (75.8)

3.158

0.076a

Age (years)

62.73 ± 9.21

59.61 ± 10.04

1.943

0.054b

BMI (kg/m2)

24.70 ± 2.98

25.43 ± 4.13 d

1.235

0.219b

Duration of disease (years)

7.24 ± 0.54

/

  

Smoking (n, %)

25 (29.8)

23 (37.1)

0.870

0.351a

Drinking (n, %)

26 (30.9)

21 (33.9)

0.139

0.709a

H-Y stage

2.62 ± 0.08

/

  

UPDRS-III score

37.76 ± 1.67d

/

  

Total SNH+ (n, %)

66 (78.6)

37 (59.7)

6.129

0.013a

Left SNH+ (n, %)

58 (69.0)d

28 (45.2)

11.658

0.001a

Right SNH+ (n, %)

37 (44.0)d

20 (32.3)d

1.353

0.245a

Area of middle brain (cm2)

5.17 ± 0.72

5.31 ± 0.78

1.138

0.257b

Left aSNH (cm2)

0.225 (0~0.68)d

0.0 (0~0.54)

 

0.002c

Right aSNH (cm2)

0.0 (0~0.59)d

0.0 (0~0.39)d

 

0.326c

Maximum of aSNH (cm2)

0.24 (0~0.68)

0.11 (0~0.54)

 

0.006c

S/M (%)

6.32 (0~31.2)

1.97 (0~26.4)

 

0.004c

Pixel of left SN1

1248.35 ± 262.37

1221.08 ± 251.34

0.624

0.534b

Echogenicity of left SN1

25.11 ± 9.06

17.89 ± 8.39

4.873

<0.001b

Pixel of left hyperechoic region in SN

512.13 ± 233.86

469.43 ± 200.01

0.945

0.471b

Echogenicity of left hyperechoic region in SN

49.76 ± 16.14

54.09 ± 17.13

1.145

0.255b

Pixel of left SN2

1262.33 ± 270.36

1253.85 ± 244.69

1.138

0.890b

Echogenicity of left SN2

27.97 ± 9.46

24.62 ± 10.34

1.472

0.145b

Pixel of left SN3

1134.62 ± 230.13

1073.51 ± 197.62

1.655

0.10b

Echogenicity of left SN3

25.37 ± 12.02

20.71 ± 8.62

2.571

0.011b

Pixel of right SN1

1238.30 ± 260.84

1214.08 ± 226.66

0.58

0.563b

Echogenicity of right SN1

22.56 ± 9.73

19.21 ± 7.60

2.20

0.029b

Pixel of right hyperechoic region in SN

398.64 ± 191.20

306.73 ± 124.42

1.676

0.101b

Echogenicity of right hyperechoic region in SN

53.28 ± 19.03

58.97 ± 19.89

1.127

0.264b

Pixel of right SN2

1192.93 ± 323.16

1293.18 ± 236.74

1.269

0.209b

Echogenicity of right SN2

24.78 ± 10.54

22.52 ± 7.93

0.870

0.388b

Pixel of right SN3

1112.97 ± 243.84

1069.73 ± 217.98

1.060

0.291b

Echogenicity of right SN3

22.43 ± 9.59

18.63 ± 7.96

2.429

0.016b

Maximum echogenicity of SN1

27.43 ± 9.91

21.88 ± 8.31

3.577

<0.001b

  1. PD Parkinson’s disease, HC healthy control, BMI body mass index, H-Y Hoehn and Yahr, UPDRS-III Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale Part III, SN+ substantia nigra hyperechogenicity, aSNH area of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity, S/M ratio of area of SNH/ area of midbrain.
  2. aχ2 test.
  3. bUnpaired independent t-test.
  4. cMann-Whitney U test.
  5. dMissing values: BMI: HC 7; UPDRS-III score: PD 1; Left SNH+ and Left aSNH: PD 4, Right SNH+ and right aSNH: PD 3, HC 6.
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