Fig. 1: Single-cell characterization of the PD brain.

A Schematic diagram of the study design. Twenty mice were randomly divided into two groups, with ten mice per group. The PD group received MPTP toxin injections, followed by behavioral assessments and TH immunohistochemical tests. Subsequently, single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics were performed. Results were validated using multiplex IHC imaging, Elisa, qRT-PCR, and Western Blot experiments. B UMAP plot of the single-nucleus RNA sequencing, showing the distribution of 19 original clusters in the brain tissue. The results after annotating the different clusters are encoded with numbers. C Heatmap of similarity among cell groups, where the numbers represent Pearson correlation coefficients, indicating the degree of correlation between cell groups. D Characteristics of the quantity changes in 12 cell types between the Ctrl and PD groups. E Feature plot of classic marker genes for the 12 cell types. F Classic marker gene expression defines the 12 cell types.