Fig. 5: Neuroprotective effect of XPro1595 on AAV9-Syn-induced nigrostriatal degeneration.

A To induce the experimental parkinsonism, a low dose of AAV9-Control and AAV9-Syn (5.47 × 10¹² vg/mL) was injected into the SNpc. After 3 days, mice were treated with XPro1595 every 72 h until sacrificed 8 weeks later. B Motor coordination was assessed in the pole and bar tests. C Representative images showing TH immunoreactivity in the striatum and optical density analysis of the TH immunopositive signal. D Representative images of TH⁺ neurons in the SNpc and their quantification by unbiased stereology. E Cell suspensions were prepared from the ventral midbrain and the striatum to determine immune cell infiltration in these regions. Fold increase in CD4⁺ and F CD8⁺ T cells compared to animals injected with the AAV9-Control and treated with FTY720 vehicle. Data are mean ± 95% CI from B 12 animals/group and C–F 5–6 animals/group. Statistical analysis: two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison post hoc test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Magnification bar: C, D 1 mm.