Table 2 Operated patient characteristics, motor outcomes, effect size estimates, and correlations with nigrosome grading

From: Limited predictive value of preoperative nigrosome integrity for motor outcomes in Parkinson’s disease deep brain stimulation

Characteristics

Group comparison by Nigrosome status

P-value

Hedges’ g

95% CI

Side-specific correlation by Nigrosome grading

 

Non-fully abnormal surgical subgroup (n = 6)

Fully abnormal (n = 18)

Left Nigrosome

Right Nigrosome

 

Section 1. Clinical features

Nigrosome grading — total score

4.83 ± 1.94

8 ± 0

< 0.001

−3.309

(−4.655, −1.964)

   

Age

62.83 ± 10.53

66.33 ± 5.74

0.615

−0.475

(−1.409, 0.460)

   

Female sex — no. (%)

3 (50)

6 (33)

0.635

0.340

(−0.589, 1.270)

   

Disease duration — year

9.333 ± 2.658

12.28 ± 7.76

0.383

−0.410

(−1.342, 0.522)

   

Follow up period — day

243.17 ± 259.98

223.06 ± 150.41

0.527

0.107

(−0.817, 1.032)

   

Levodopa challenge test — %

63.55 ± 10.26

57.61 ± 19.97

0.443

0.315

(−0.614, 1.243)

   

DBS target

        

STN — no. (%)

5 (83)

10 (56)

0.351

0.569

(−0.371, 1.509)

   

GPi — no. (%)

1 (17)

8 (44)

      

Relative Clinical Improvement After Surgery (Score Difference)

∆ Total UPDRS

12.33 ± 21.65

3.06 ± 21.48

0.483

0.416

(−0.516, 1.348)

   

∆ Gait

0.5 ± 1.38

−0.28 ± 0.83

0.149

0.767

(−0.185, 1.718)

   

∆ FOG

0.17 ± 0.41

−0.11 ± 0.68

0.380

0.430

(−0.503, 1.362)

   

∆ Speech

−0.33 ± 0.82

−0.28 ± 1.02

1

−0.049

(−0.973, 0.875)

   

∆ LEDD — %

30.47 ± 17.16

31.52 ± 30.53

0.947

−0.036

(−0.960, 0.888)

   

Section 2. Side-Specific Motor Symptom Improvement (Score Difference)

     

r / P-value

r / P-value

95% CI

Right side symptom

∆ UPDRS

7.33 ± 9.18

2.28 ± 7.61

0.161

0.610

(−0.331, 1.551)

−0.33 / 0.112

 

(−0.649, 0.081)

∆ Tremor

3.17 ± 5.88

1.17 ± 2.26

0.475

0.562

(−0.377, 1.501)

−0.08 / 0.709

 

(−0.469, 0.334)

Left side symptom

∆ UPDRS

3.5 ± 7.61

1.83 ± 8.37

0.503

0.197

(−0.729, 1.122)

 

−0.26 / 0.226

(−0.598, 0.164)

∆ Tremor

2.67 ± 3.88

1.39 ± 2.81

0.353

0.400

(−0.531, 1.332)

 

−0.28 / 0.188

(−0.613, 0.141)

  1. This table summarizes clinical and nigrosome-related characteristics of Parkinson’s disease patients who underwent DBS surgery, comparing those with fully abnormal nigrosome status to the operated subgroup of patients from the non-fully abnormal group. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation or counts (%), with p-values derived from Mann-Whitney U tests. Postoperative outcomes are reported as score differences (Δ), calculated as preoperative minus postoperative scores (Δ = preoperative score – postoperative score), where positive values indicate clinical improvement. This is applied to both total scores and subdomain motor measures, except for LEDD, which is presented as a percentage decrease from baseline. Additionally, side-specific Spearman correlation coefficients (r) and p-values are provided to assess the association between nigrosome grading (1–4) on each hemisphere and motor symptom improvement on the contralateral side. Effect size analyses (Hedges’ g with 95% confidence intervals) are also included to quantify the magnitude of between-group differences, providing a complementary perspective beyond p-values. STN subthalamic nucleus, GPi globus pallidus internus, FOG freezing of gait, LEDD levodopa equivalent daily dose, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, CI confidence interval. r represents Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient (ρ).
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