Fig. 2: Sleep duration trajectories identified from PPMI-Online and associations with Parkinson’s disease risk. | npj Parkinson's Disease

Fig. 2: Sleep duration trajectories identified from PPMI-Online and associations with Parkinson’s disease risk.

From: Self-perceived life course sleep duration trajectories and risk and age at onset of Parkinson’s disease

Fig. 2: Sleep duration trajectories identified from PPMI-Online and associations with Parkinson’s disease risk.

PD Parkinson’s disease, pPD prodromal Parkinson’s disease. Panel A: Sleep duration trajectory groups identified through latent class growth analysis, shown in separate panels based on trends emerging after age 50. Dots and shaded areas represent mean trajectories with 95% confidence intervals. The accompanying table shows the count and proportion of participants for each trajectory pattern. Panel B: Logistic regression results for the association between sleep duration trajectory patterns and risk of PD, using participants without a PD diagnosis as the reference group. Panel C: Logistic regression of sleep duration trajectory patterns and risk of “Probable pPD”, with the “No probable pPD” group as the reference. Model 1 was unadjusted. Model 2 adjusted for age at sleep report, sex, race, family history of PD, education, and income. Model 3 further adjusted for history of anxiety, depression, brain injury, diabetes, hypertension; Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder Single-Question Screen at the time of sleep report; lifetime caffeine intake, smoking status, and lifetime physical inactivity.

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