Fig. 3: Patterns of gene expression in MSA.

a PLS regression results on deep brain regions with violin plots representing the covariance percentage in W-scores explained by gene expression (y-axis). Black dots indicate empirical covariance, asterisks indicate significant latent variables (LV) against random (rd) and spatial (sp) null models (x-axis). b, d Scatterplots of the correlation between W-scores associated with deep brain regions (x-axis) and regional weights of LV3 and LV5 (y axis). c, e Histograms of bootstrapped gene weights on LV3 and LV5, with red weights indicating robust association with regions with greater atrophy (below -3.29). LV latent variable, PLS partial least square rd random null models, sp spatial null models.