Table 5 Predictors of new-onset VA in COPD patients.

From: Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and ventricular arrhythmia: a nationwide population-based cohort study

Exposure variable

Univariate analysis

Multivariate analysisa

P*

HR

95% CI

 

P*

HR

95% CI

 

COPD

<0.001

1.766

1.443

2.162

0.002

1.396

1.131

1.723

Age, years

 20–64

 

1.000

   

1.000

  

 65–74

<0.001

3.702

2.893

4.738

0.003

1.625

1.179

2.239

 ≥75

<0.001

7.825

6.142

9.970

<0.001

2.489

1.687

3.673

Gender

 Female

 

1.000

   

1.000

  

 Male

<0.001

1.497

1.224

1.830

<0.001

1.692

1.344

2.129

Comorbidities

 HF

<0.001

6.486

5.078

8.286

<0.001

2.375

1.795

3.144

 AMI

<0.001

5.529

3.351

9.121

0.022

1.845

1.092

3.117

 Stroke

<0.001

3.895

3.144

4.826

0.003

1.489

1.147

1.932

 Ischemic heart disease

<0.001

2.919

2.383

3.574

0.371

0.880

0.666

1.164

 Angina

<0.001

2.870

2.176

3.785

0.296

1.193

0.856

1.663

 Peripheral vascular disease

<0.001

2.661

1.972

3.590

0.388

1.148

0.839

1.572

 Hypertension

<0.001

4.406

3.571

5.436

0.001

1.666

1.220

2.275

 Diabetes

<0.001

2.981

2.432

3.654

<0.001

1.644

1.294

2.088

 Depression

0.946

1.022

0.545

1.915

0.233

0.679

0.360

1.282

 Renal failure

<0.001

2.972

2.302

3.837

0.065

1.296

0.984

1.708

 Chronic liver disease

0.445

1.098

0.864

1.395

0.082

0.802

0.625

1.029

 Dementia

0.002

2.326

1.363

3.972

0.068

0.597

0.344

1.038

Medication use

 Aspirin

<0.001

3.044

2.501

3.705

0.188

1.174

0.924

1.492

 Statin

0.020

1.284

1.040

1.586

0.070

0.808

0.642

1.017

 RAASi

<0.001

2.903

2.365

3.562

0.680

1.055

0.818

1.360

 Class 1

<0.001

3.196

2.163

4.722

0.358

1.213

0.804

1.829

 Class 2

<0.001

2.005

1.647

2.441

0.658

0.950

0.758

1.191

 Class 3

<0.001

6.349

4.947

8.148

<0.001

2.490

1.885

3.288

 Class 4

<0.001

2.530

2.030

3.154

0.737

0.959

0.751

1.225

CHA2DS2-VASc score

 0

 

1.000

   

1.000

  

 1

0.408

1.210

0.770

1.903

0.547

1.161

0.714

1.889

 2 or 3

<0.001

3.895

2.618

5.794

0.206

1.431

0.821

2.496

 ≥4

<0.001

10.133

6.891

14.898

0.523

1.272

0.608

2.660

ORBIT score

 0–2

 

1.000

   

1.000

  

 3

<0.001

1.973

1.528

2.548

0.924

1.013

0.774

1.326

 ≥4

<0.001

4.121

3.220

5.275

0.414

1.132

0.841

1.524

Level of urbanization

 Urban

 

1.000

   

1.000

  

 Suburban

0.005

1.415

1.114

1.799

0.394

1.114

0.869

1.428

 Rural

<0.001

1.750

1.291

2.373

0.091

1.326

0.956

1.839

Monthly income (US$)

 0

 

1.000

   

1.000

  

 0.03–700

0.053

0.758

0.572

1.004

0.087

0.776

0.580

1.037

 700–1100

<0.001

0.319

0.234

0.436

<0.001

0.487

0.345

0.686

 ≥1100

<0.001

0.191

0.133

0.275

<0.001

0.468

0.310

0.706

  1. AMI acute myocardial infarction, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, CI confidence interval, HF heart failure, HR hazard ratio, RAASi renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibitor, VA ventricular arrhythmia.
  2. *Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.
  3. aAdditional drug: use of additional drugs such as Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4 antiarrhythmic drugs as well as Aspirin, Stain, and RAASi. This was included in the model.
Back to article page