Fig. 2: Kaplan–Meier curve plot of COPD and non-COPD control groups for stroke over time.

Patients with newly-diagnosed COPD and allied conditions had a significantly higher adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 2.75 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.46–3.08, p < 0.001) for stroke with time, compared to the non-COPD control group (log rank test, p < 0.001).