Table 1 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for receipt of item of COPD care for each UK country relative to Wales in crude and adjusted models.

From: Comparison of COPD primary care in England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland

 

Odds ratio (95% confidence interval)

Crude

Age and gender adjusted

Age, gender, and comorbidities adjusted

Confirmation of airway obstructiona

Wales

1

1

1

England

0.30 (0.13–0.71)

0.30 (0.13–0.71)

0.29 (0.12–0.69)

Scotland

0.14 (0.05–0.38)

0.14 (0.05–0.38)

0.13 (0.05–0.37)

Northern Ireland

0.11 (0.02–0.59)

0.11 (0.02–0.58)

0.11 (0.02–0.59)

Chest X-rayb

Wales

1

1

1

England

1.04 (0.72–1.51)

1.05 (0.72–1.52)

1.05 (0.72–1.52)

Scotland

0.41 (0.26–0.63)

0.41 (0.26–0.63)

0.40 (0.26–0.61)

Northern Ireland

1.45 (0.78–2.70)

1.45 (0.78–2.69)

1.39 (0.74–2.59)

Record of MRC grade in the past year

Wales

1

1

1

England

1.56 (1.32–1.85)

1.59 (1.34–1.88)

1.59 (1.34–1.88)

Scotland

0.71 (0.59–0.86)

0.73 (0.60–0.88)

0.71 (0.59–0.86)

Northern Ireland

2.15 (1.61–2.88)

2.23 (1.67–2.99)

2.21 (1.65–2.95)

Record of smoking status in the past year

Wales

1

1

1

England

1.27 (1.02–1.58)

1.29 (1.04–1.61)

1.31 (1.05–1.63)

Scotland

0.79 (0.62–1.01)

0.78 (0.61–1.00)

0.81 (0.63–1.04)

Northern Ireland

1.18 (0.81–1.71)

1.15 (0.79–1.67)

1.18 (0.81–1.72)

Receipt of the seasonal influenza immunisation in the last year

Wales

1

1

1

England

1.23 (1.11–1.36)

1.25 (1.13–1.39)

1.28 (1.16–1.42)

Scotland

1.04 (0.93–1.17)

1.11 (0.99–1.25)

1.18 (1.05–1.33)

Northern Ireland

1.11 (0.93–1.32)

1.23 (1.03–1.46)

1.23 (1.03–1.47)

Smoking cessation treatmentc

Wales

1

1

1

England

0.90 (0.73–1.11)

0.91 (0.74–1.13)

0.92 (0.75–1.14)

Scotland

0.62 (0.49–0.79)

0.61 (0.48–0.78)

0.60 (0.47–0.77)

Northern Ireland

1.67 (1.18–2.35)

1.61 (1.14–2.28)

1.53 (1.08–2.17)

Referred to pulmonary rehabilitationd

Wales

1

1

1

England

0.05 (0.03–0.09)

0.05 (0.03–0.09)

0.05 (0.03–0.09)

Scotland

0.07 (0.04–0.11)

0.07 (0.04–0.11)

0.07 (0.04–0.11)

Northern Ireland

0.13 (0.06–0.29)

0.13 (0.06–0.28)

0.13 (0.06–0.28)

  1. aConfirmation of airway obstruction defined as record of post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC < 0.7.
  2. bChest X-ray confirmation of diagnosis defined as record of a chest X-ray 6 months prior to or after COPD diagnosis.
  3. cBoth a behavioural change intervention and a stop-smoking drug.
  4. d“Offered” pulmonary rehabilitation counted as a referral, however any patients that declined the offer were not counted as referred.
  5. Bold text inidicate statistically significant values in the final age, gener, and comorbidites adjusted model.
Back to article page