Fig. 5: Schematic representation of gate robustness characteristics.

The impact of errors in the a Rabi frequency Ω, b detuning Δ₀ and c gate time T on state fidelity is examined using square pulse and Gaussian pulse configurations. The relevant parameters remain consistent with V = ω₀ = 2π × 70.18 MHz, Ω = 2π × 3.5 MHz, and the time-dependent Rabi frequency Ω_g(t) as previously described. Each point denotes the average of 1001 results obtained by randomly picking 1001 disorders from [−W_k, W_k] with k = 1, 2, and 3 in (a), (b), and (c), respectively.