Table 1 Differences in demographic information, ICI, and clinical characteristics among HCs, FEDN SZ, and medicated SZ.

From: Reduction of intracortical inhibition (ICI) correlates with cognitive performance and psychopathology symptoms in schizophrenia

Characteristics

SZ group (N = 130)

HCs group (N = 105)

F/χ2/Z

p

FEND SZ (N = 46)

Medicated SZ (N = 84)

Age (years)a, mean ± SD

26.80 ± 7.43

33.20 ± 9.88###

30.39 ± 12.68

1.34

0.715

Education (years)a, mean ± SD

12.22 ± 2.75

12.08 ± 3.05

12.63 ± 3.65

1.13

0.289

Sex, male/female (N)b

14/32

35/49

48/57

1.54

0.232

Illness course (years)c, median (P25–P75)

0.75 (0.275–1.00)

10.00 (3.00–17.00)###

NA

NA

NA

Chlorpromazine equivalent dose (Mg)c, median (P25–P75)

NA

400.00 (242.50–600.00)

NA

NA

NA

SICI (100%)c, median (P25–P75)

31.59 (23.08–41.87)

29.73 (20.48–37.38)

54.95 (41.73–68.19)

−9.37

<0.001

LICI (100%)c, median (P25–P75)

22.94 (13.56–31.79)

25.15 (13.80–38.62)

40.00 (27.37–49.35)

−6.06

<0.001

RMTc, median (P25–P75)

65.50 (59.50–72.50)

70.00 (60.00–76.75)

70.83 (60.00–72.00)

−0.15

0.826

PANSS

Positive subscorec, median (P25–P75)

13.00 (10.00–20.00)

12.00 (9.00–16.00)

NA

NA

NA

Negative subscorec, median (P25–P75)

18.00 (12.00–26.00)

17.00 (12.25–21.75)

NA

NA

NA

General psychopathology subscorec, median (P25–P75)

32.50 (24.00–43.25)

28.00 (23.00–40.00)

NA

NA

NA

Total scorec, median (P25–P75)

66.00 (49.25–90.00)

57.50 (45.25–80.00)

NA

NA

NA

MCCB

Speed of processingc, median (P25–P75)

33.50 (26.75–40.00)

31.50 (24.25–43.75)

41.00 (36.00–49.00)

−6.42

<0.001

Working memoryc, median (P25–P75)

39.00 (30.75–47.25)

39.50 (29.00–46.00)

42.00 (36.50–48.50)

−2.47

0.030

Verbal learningc, median (P25–P75)

37.00 (29.75–44.25)

34.00 (27.00–42.75)

40.00 (35.00–46.50)

−3.54

<0.001

Visual learningc, median (P25–P75)

42.00 (32.75–47.00)

40.00 (29.25–47.50)

45.00 (40.00–52.00)

−4.01

<0.001

Reasoning and problem-solvingc, median (P25–P75)

41.00 (35.75–49.75)

37.00 (32.25–47.75)

52.00 (47.00–56.50)

−7.71

<0.001

Social cognitionc, median (P25–P75)

29.50 (26.00–34.25)

29.00 (25.00–34.75)

36.00 (32.50–38.50)

−6.39

<0.001

  1. Significant differences between HCs and SZ group are highlighted in bold. Hashtag indicates significance of the comparisons between FEDN SZ and medicated SZ, ###p < 0.001.
  2. SZ schizophrenia, FEDN first-episode drug-naïve, HCs healthy controls, SD standard deviation, NA not available, SICI short-interval intracortical inhibition, LICI long-interval intracortical inhibition, RMT resting motor threshold, PANSS Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale, MCCB MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery.
  3. aComparisons between HCs and SZ patients using the analysis of variance (ANOVA).
  4. bComparisons between HCs and SZ patients using the Chi-square test/Fisher exact test.
  5. cComparisons between HCs and SZ patients using the Mann–Whitney U test.
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