Table 1 Included schizophrenia PET studies for meta-analyses.
From: Resolving the heterogeneity of dopamine subsystems dysfunction in schizophrenia: a PET meta-analysis
Studya | Drug history | Sex(M/F) | Age (mean ± sd) | PET Tracer | Dopamine markers | Outcome measure | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SCZ | HC | SCZ | HC | |||||
Wong_1986_Science | DN | 8/2 | 9/2 | 31.2 ± 3.6 | 24.3 ± 2 | [11C] NMSP | D2 | Bmax |
DF | 5/0 | 9/2 | 26.8 ± 2.6 | 24.3 ± 2 | [11C] NMSP | D2 | Bmax | |
Farde_1990_Arch Gen Psychiatry | DN | 10/8 | 10/10 | 24.2 ± 3.3 | 27.5 ± 4.9 | [11C] Raclopride | D2 | Bmax |
Tune_1993_Psychiatry Res | DN | 13/5 | 13/4 | 32.3 ± 8.5 | 39 ± 5.9 | [11C] NMSP | D2 | Bmax |
DF | 4/3 | 13/4 | 41.6 ± 28.7 | 39 ± 5.9 | [11C] NMSP | D2 | Bmax | |
Hietala_1994_Arch Gen Psychiatry | DN | 9/4 | 6/4 | 26.8 ± 7.3 | 25.2 ± 6.8 | [11C] Raclopride | D2 | Bmax |
Nordstrom_1995_Psychiatry Res | DO | 5/2 | 7/0 | 28.4 ± 5.7 | 27.7 ± 6.8 | [11C] NMSP | D2 | Bmax |
Okubo_1997_Nature | DN | 10/0 | 12/0 | 26.1 ± 3.8 | 27.7 ± 5.6 | [11C] NMSP | D2 | k3 |
DN | 10/0 | 6/0 | 26.1 ± 3.8 | 27.7 ± 5.6 | [11C] SCH 23390 | D1 | k3/k4 | |
DF | 7/0 | 12/0 | 29.2 ± 8.1 | 27.7 ± 5.6 | [11C] NMSP | D2 | k3 | |
DF | 7/0 | 6/0 | 29.2 ± 8.1 | 27.7 ± 5.6 | [11C] SCH 23390 | D1 | k3/k4 | |
Breier_1997_Proc Natl Acad Sci USA | DN/DF | 8/3 | 9/3 | 32.4 ± 9.9 | 29.2 ± 9 | [11C] Raclopride | D2/3 | Br |
Suhara_2002_Arch Gen Psychiatry | DN | 11/0 | 18/0 | 28.1 ± 7.9 | 27.3 ± 6.2 | [11C] FLB 457 | D2 | BPND |
Talvik_2003_Int J Neuropsychopharmacol | DN | 3/6 | 4/4 | 36 ± 12 | 31 ± 12 | [11C] FLB 457 | D2 | BP |
Yasuno_2004_Am J Psychiatry | DN | 10/0 | 19/0 | 29.5 ± 7.8 | 29.6 ± 7.5 | [11C] FLB 457 | D2 | BP |
Grunder_2006_Neuropsychopharmacology | DO | 10/5 | 7/0 | 36 ± 7.9 | 32 ± 6.9 | [18F] Fallypride | D2/3 | BP |
Buchsbaum_2006_Schizophr Res | DN | 10/5 | 9/6 | 28.5 ± 8.9 | 27.4 ± 7.9 | [18F] Fallypride | D2/3 | BP |
Talvik_2006_Psychiatry Res | DN | 9/9 | 13/4 | 28.8 ± 10.6 | NA | [11C] Raclopride | D2/3 | BPND |
Guerrero_2009_Arch Gen Psychiatry | DO | 11/9 | 17/6 | 37.6 ± 7.3 | 34.6 ± 8.3 | [11C]-( + )-PHNO | D2/3 | BPND |
Guerrero(2)_2009_Neuropsychopharmacology | DF | 9/4 | 9/4 | 25.9 ± 5.9 | 26.9 ± 6.4 | [11C]-( + )-PHNO | D2/3 | BPND |
Kessler_2009_Biol Psychiatry | DN/DF | 6/5 | 5/6 | 30.5 ± 8 | 31.6 ± 9.2 | [18F] Fallypride | D2 | BPND |
Kegeles_2010_Biol Psychiatry | DN/DF | 14/7 | 17/5 | 31 ± 12 | 26 ± 6 | [18F] Fallypride | D2 | BPND |
Kegeles(2)_2010_Arch Gen Psychiatry | DF | 13/5 | 13/5 | 29 ± 8 | 29 ± 7 | [11C] Raclopride | D2 | BPND |
Slifstein_2015_JAMA Psychiatry | DF | 10/10 | 11/10 | 33.1 ± 10.2 | 32.6 ± 8.1 | [11C] FLB 457 | D2/3 | BP |
Nakajima_2015_Schizophr Res | DN | 3/1 | 5/5 | 66.5 ± 13 | 63 ± 9.2 | [11C] Raclopride | D2/3 | BPND |
DF | 2/4 | 5/5 | 66.3 ± 11.7 | 63 ± 9.2 | [11C] Raclopride | D2/3 | BPND | |
Joo_2018_Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci | DO | 6/10 | 8/9 | 36.9 ± 11.4 | 32.3 ± 9.5 | [18F] Fallypride | D2/3 | BPND |
Frankle_2018_Biol Psychiatry | DF | 10/4 | 10/4 | 24.5 ± 4.6 | 25.6 ± 4.1 | [11C] NPA | D2/3 | BPND |
Veselinovic_2018_Psychopharmacology(Berl) | DN | 4/2 | 7/4 | 27.8 ± 11.3 | 30.6 ± 9.6 | [18F] Fallypride | D2/3 | BPND |
DF | 6/3 | 7/4 | 29.4 ± 8.2 | 30.6 ± 9.6 | [18F] Fallypride | D2/3 | BPND | |
Schifani_2018_Brain | DN | 8/6 | 7/5 | 28.3 ± 6.1 | 26 ± 6.5 | [11C] FLB 457 | D2/3 | BPND |
Plavén-Sigray_2022_Mol Psychiatry | DN | 11/8 | 11/8 | 29.3 ± 6.3 | 29.2 ± 5.9 | [11C] FLB 457 | D2 | BPND |
Hietala_1995_Lancet | DN | 4/3 | 6/2 | 26 ± 7 | 27 ± 7 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
Dao-Castellana_1997_Schizophr Res | DN/DF | 6/0 | 7/0 | 26 ± 9 | 25 ± 5 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
Lindstrom_1999_Biol Psychiatry | DN | 10/2 | 8/2 | 31.1 ± 8.6 | NA | L-[β-11C] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
Hietala_1999_Schizophr Res | DN | 4/6 | 8/5 | 29.6 ± 8.8 | 30.4 ± 9.4 | [18F] FDOPA | DSC | Ki |
Elkashef_2000_Psychiatry Res | DF | 7/2 | 8/5 | 33.3 ± 7.9 | 34.7 ± 10.8 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ur |
DO | 8/2 | 8/5 | 39.3 ± 8.7 | 34.7 ± 10.8 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ur | |
McGowan_2004_Arch Gen Psychiatry | DO | 16/0 | 12/0 | 37.3 ± 10.8 | 38.3 ± 7.1 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
Kumakura_2007_J Neurosci | DF | 8/0 | 15/0 | 37.3 ± 6.3 | 37.3 ± 6.4 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
Nozaki_2009_Schizophr Res | DN/DF | 10/8 | 10/10 | 35.6 ± 7.4 | 35.1 ± 9.5 | L-[β-11C] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
Howes_2009_Arch Gen Psychiatry | DF | 5/2 | 8/4 | 36 ± 14.7 | 24.3 ± 4.6 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
Demjaha_2012_Am J Psychiatry | DO | 5/7 | 5/7 | 45.7 ± 9.8 | 44.2 ± 8.9 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
DO | 6/6 | 5/7 | 44 ± 11.9 | 44.2 ± 8.9 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki | |
Jauhar_2017_JAMA Psychiatry | DN | 14/2 | 14/8 | 26.3 ± 4.4 | 24.5 ± 4.5 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
Kim_2017_ Neuropsychopharmacology | DO | 8/4 | 8/4 | 31.1 ± 9.8 | 30.3 ± 8.4 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
DO | 9/3 | 8/4 | 31.3 ± 8.1 | 30.3 ± 8.4 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki | |
Jauhar_2019_Mol Psychiatry | DO | 10/3 | 10/4 | 24.4 ± 3 | 24.29 ± 4.6 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
DO | 12/1 | 10/4 | 26.2 ± 5.8 | 24.3 ± 4.6 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki | |
Avram_2019_Brain | DO | 8/15 | 9/15 | 43 ± 11.9 | 38.5 ± 11.6 | [18F] DOPA | DSC | Ki |
Abi-Dargham_2002_J Neurosci | DN/DF | 13/3 | 11/5 | 33 ± 12 | 34 ± 10 | [11C] NNC112 | D1 | BPND |
Karlsson_2002_Am J Psychiatry | DN | 8/2 | 8/2 | 24.5 ± 2.3 | 26.3 ± 3.6 | [11C] SCH 23390 | D1 | BPND |
Kosaka_2010_Life Sci | DO | 5/1 | 6/6 | 46.5 ± 8.2 | 42.8 ± 8.5 | [11C] SCH 23390 | D1 | BPND |
Abi-Dargham_2012_J Psychopharmacol | DF | 11/2 | 20/4 | 30.6 ± 10.2 | 30.3 ± 9.8 | [11C] NNC 112 | D1 | BPp |
DN | 7/5 | 12/12 | 25.4 ± 4.8 | 26 ± 4.7 | [11C] NNC 112 | D1 | BPp | |
Stenkrona_2019_Int J Neuropsychopharmacol | DN | 11/7 | 17b | 32 ± 9.8 | NA | [11C] SCH 23390 | D1 | BPND |
Laakso_2000_Am J Psychiatry | DN | 6/3 | 6/3 | 30.1 ± 7 | 29.9 ± 5.6 | [18F] CFT | DAT | BPND |
Laakso(2)_2000_Schizophr Res | DO | 8b | 8b | 37.1 ± 5.7 | 35.3 ± 5.7 | [18F] CFT | DAT | BPND |
Arakawa_2009_J Psychiatr Res | DN/DF | 6/2 | 10/2 | 36.5 ± 9.5 | 33.2 ± 12 | [11C] PE2I | DAT | BPND |
Artiges_2017_Schizophr Bull | DF/DO | 21/0 | 30/0 | 34.2 ± 10.2 | 30.2 ± 9.7 | [11C] PE2I | DAT | BPND |
