Table 2 Main statistics for Meta-analyses of dopamine subsystem dysfunction in schizophrenia by different PET markers.

From: Resolving the heterogeneity of dopamine subsystems dysfunction in schizophrenia: a PET meta-analysis

Marker	Region	Patients	N_SCZ	N_HC	Cohen’s d	Meta Z	Meta P	Q	Q-test p	I²(%)	I²[95%CI(%)]	Egger’s z	Egger’s p	Power
D2/3
	STR	Total	277	313	0.41	1.91	0.056	159.37	8.25e-23	86.19	[80.53, 90.21]	1.18	0.236	0.999
	STR	Drug Off	219	259	0.56	2.73	0.006			82.02	[72.97, 88.05]			1
	STR	Drug Naive	97	108	0.77	2.16	0.031			87.98	[78.58, 93.25]			1
	STR	Drug On	58	54	−0.36	-0.50	0.616			93.90	[87.56, 97.01]			0.471
	THA	Total	193	209	−0.38	−2.14	0.032	46.37	1.23e-05	71.96	[51.97, 83.63]	−1.09	0.274	0.967
	THA	Drug Off	162	162	−0.18	−1.46	0.144			37.97	[0.00, 68.02]			0.385
	THA	Drug Naive	88	107	−0.26	−1.40	0.162			54.52	[0.00, 80.53]	0.45	0.650	0.436
	THA	Drug on	31	24	−1.73	−3.49	4.75e-04			68.09	[0, 92.80]			1
	LIB	Total	103	104	−0.41	−1.42	0.157	32.37	1.38e-05	81.47	[62.74, 90.78]	−0.66	0.509	0.835
	LIB	Drug Off	72	80	−0.03	−0.16	0.877			39.87	[0.00, 77.78]			0.054
	LIB	Drug On	31	24	−1.40	−5.82	5.99e-09			0.00	[0.00, 0.00]			0.999
	SN	Total	96	91	−0.29	−0.62	0.537	43.30	3.21e-08	88.45	[77.41, 94.10]	−0.54	0.590	0.505
	SN	Drug Off	65	67	0.33	0.96	0.335			71.02	[17.27, 89.85]			0.469
	SN	Drug On	31	24	−1.51	−5.65	1.62e-08			0.00	[0.00, 0.00]			1
	TMC	Total	118	126	−0.43	−1.83	0.067	26.24	9.54e-04	69.52	[39.19, 84.72]	0.07	0.941	0.917
	TMC	Drug Off	87	102	−0.16	1.09	0.274			1.14	[0.00, 71.14]			0.193
	TMC	Drug On	31	24	−1.50	−3.29	0.001			63.08	[0.00, 91.52]			1
	PFC	Total	54	59	0.07	0.27	0.784	6.20	0.102	51.59	[0.00, 83.00]	0.01	0.988	0.066
DSC
	STR	Total	214	245	0.21	−1.30	0.193	70.47	1.79e-08	75.88	[61.98, 84.69]	1.01	0.311	0.610
	STR	Drug Off	93	120	0.38	2.31	0.021			46.30	[34.08, 89.39]			0.782
	STR	Drug native	45	53	0.74	4.32	1.58e-05			0	[0.00, 84.69]			0.951
	STR	Drug On	121	125	0.06	0.20	0.839			83.76	[34.08, 89.39]			0.076
	LIB	Total	57	71	<−0.01	−0.002	0.989	5.03	0.284	20.51	[0.00, 66.17]	−0.33	0.737	0.050
	LIB	Drug Off	47	58	0.01	0.05	0.962			39.50	[34.08, 89.39]			0.050
	PFC	Total	49	56	−0.23	−0.74	0.458	7.88	0.048	61.95	[0.00, 87.23]			0.214
	TMC	Total	49	56	<−0.01	−0.03	0.976	1.61	0.657	0.00	[0.00, 84.69]			0.050
D1
	LIB	Total	66	92	−0.41	−1.41	0.158	16.70	5.11e-03	70.06	[29.91, 87.21]	−3.63	3.00e-04	0.714
	LIB	Drug Off	60	80	−0.20	−0.82	0.413			55.30	[0.00, 83.49]			0.214
	PFC	Total	91	140	−0.46	−1.10	0.269	60.12	1.43e-10	88.36	[79.35, 93.43]	−3.13	0.0017	0.925
	PFC	Drug Off	85	128	−0.14	−0.45	0.646			82.33	[64.78, 91.14]			0.169
	STR	Total	103	140	−0.30	−1.17	0.243	25.59	5.96e-04	72.64	[44.02, 86.63]	−3.46	5.00e-04	0.634
	STR	Drug Off	85	128	−0.05	−0.33	0.741			20.91	[0.00, 64.27]			0.065
	TMC	Total	66	92	−0.64	1.38	0.167	35.71	6.83e-07	86.31	[72.53, 93.25]	−3.16	0.002	0.976
	TMC	Drug Off	60	80	−0.26	−0.79	0.427			73.55	[34.08, 89.39]			0.327
DAT
	STR	Total	46	59	0.34	0.58	0.564	28.57	2.75e-06	89.50	[75.92, 95.42]			0.402

DAT dopamine transporter, DSC dopamine synthesis capacity, LIB limbic cortex, PFC prefrontal cortex, SN Substantia nigra, STR striatum, THA thalamus, TMC temporal cortex. BOLD represent statistical significance.

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Table 2 Main statistics for Meta-analyses of dopamine subsystem dysfunction in schizophrenia by different PET markers.

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