Fig. 3: Sphingolipid profile.

Relative abundance of lipid species of a ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (CAEP), b N-methyl ceramide aminoethylphosphonate (N-methyl CAEP), and c ceramide phosphoethanolamine (PE-Cer) identified in common octopus’ (Octopus vulgaris) arm muscle captured in three locations along the Iberian Atlantic coast (Ria Arousa—RAr, Peniche—Pe, and Santa Luzia—SL). Data represent relative abundance within the lipid class. Different letters indicate significant differences between sampling locations (Tukey’s HSD post hoc test, p < 0.05).