Table 4 Stepwise regression analysis of Gender Inequality and Economic Inequality for Academic Achievement (boys)

From: Gender Inequality is negatively associated with academic achievement for both boys and girls

For the 2012 PISA (N = 49)

Model 1

B

SE

β

t

P

GDP per capita

<0.001

<0.001

0.34

2.77

0.008

Gini coefficient

−290.41

78.31

−0.45

−3.71

<0.001

R2

0.45

ΔR2

0.42

Model 2

GDP per capita

<0.001

<0.001

0.05

0.44

0.662

Gini coefficient

−9.94

94.49

−0.02

−0.11

0.917

GII

−268.54

60.45

−0.77

−4.44

<0.001

R2

0.62

ΔR2

0.60

For the 2015 PISA (N = 50)

Model 1

B

SE

β

t

P

GDP per capita

<0.001

<0.001

0.48

4.37

<0.001

Gini coefficient

−274.77

77.63

−0.39

−3.54

<0.001

R2

0.53

ΔR2

0.51

Model 2

GDP per capita

<0.001

<0.001

0.12

1.14

0.259

Gini coefficient

−6.11

79.51

0.01

0.08

0.939

GII

−280.22

50.95

−0.77

−5.50

<0.001

R2

0.72

ΔR2

0.70

For the 2018 PISA (N = 59)

Model 1

B

SE

β

t

P

GDP per capita

<0.001

<0.001

0.48

4.95

<0.001

Gini coefficient

−276.95

65.91

−0.41

−4.20

<0.001

R2

0.52

ΔR2

0.50

Model 2

GDP per capita

<0.001

<0.001

0.14

1.29

0.204

Gini coefficient

−27.38

73.75

−0.04

−0.37

0.712

GII

−256.93

50.69

−0.69

−5.07

<0.001

R2

0.67

ΔR2

0.65

  1. Note: Model 1 includes predictors for GDP per capita and the Gini coefficient, while Model 2 includes predictors for GDP per capita, the Gini coefficient, and the gender inequality index.
Back to article page