Fig. 3: Correlation between spindle-slow oscillations coupling and memory performance.

a Correlation between coupled fast spindle ndPAC, coupled slow spindle ndPAC, and word pair recall rate at the C3 electrode site. b Schematic of the coupling between slow oscillations and spindles: Fast spindles synchronize with the rising phase of slow oscillations, while slow spindles synchronize with the descending phase. (word pair recall rate in the retrieval practice without feedback condition; shade indicate 95% confidential interval). In this figure, red is used to represent slow spindles, while blue indicates fast spindles.