Fig. 9: The biological mechanisms of tumor immunity. | npj Systems Biology and Applications

Fig. 9: The biological mechanisms of tumor immunity.

From: Quantitative cancer-immunity cycle modeling for predicting disease progression in advanced metastatic colorectal cancer

Fig. 9

a The tumor immune response is divided into four compartments: TDLN, PB, TME, and BT. Immune cells migrate between compartments via the body’s intrinsic circulatory mechanisms. Chemokines/chemokine receptors further regulate the migration patterns and localization of immune cells. b Differentiation of immune cells. Within the TDLN, tumor-associated antigens are presented by dendritic cells to naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, which differentiate into various effector T cells in response to cytokines. c Migration of immune cells between compartments. TA, tumor-associated antigen; D0, immature dendritic cell; D, activated dendritic cell; TN4, naive CD4+ T cell; TN8, naive CD8+ T cell; T8, cytotoxic T lymphocyte cell; T1, Th1 cell; T2, Th2 cell; T17, Th17 cell; Treg, regulatory T cell; Tfh, follicular helper T cell; NK, natural killer cell; M, monocyte; M1, M1 macrophage; M2, M2 macrophage; N, neutrophil; N1, N1 neutrophil; N2, N2 neutrophil; MMDSC, monocyte-derived myeloid-derived suppressor cell; GMDSC, granulocyte-derived myeloid-derived suppressor cell; Eos, eosinophils; Bas, basophilic.

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