Fig. 5: cMF-TVB simulation of the cerebellar cortex activity.

Cerebellar cortex dynamics are evaluated from whole-brain dynamics simulated with cMF-TVB and compared to a simulation performed using the standard TVB. A Cerebellar cortex neuronal activity, namely the population-specific firing rate (\({\nu }_{{\rm{p}}}\) with p = [GrC, GoC, MLI, PC]) reported for left crus II as an example, is simulated using the CRBL MF integrated in the TVB platform for a subject randomly chosen from the Human Connectome Project dataset. Curated whole-brain structural connectivity is used to map the connections between whole-brain nodes. To simulate the cerebellar cortex neuronal activity, a CRBL MF is associated with each node belonging to the cerebellar cortex, while WW is used for cerebral cortical and subcortical nodes. For each node, the simulated activity is within the physiological ranges for each neuronal population. Furthermore, the interconnection with cerebral nodes results in a heterogeneous activity of MLIs and PCs, driven by the heterogeneous weight input from the cerebral regions to the GrCs. The inset panels display the first 50 ms of the simulation, illustrating that temporal fluctuations in firing activity increase variability across all populations due to input from the cerebral region. B The flat maps show the MAE between empirical BOLD signals (extracted from fMRI data) and the simulated BOLD averaged over the subjects for each cerebellar cortex region (cold colour corresponds to low MAE) extracted from the whole brain simulation. cMF-TVB shows a better performance compared to the standard TVB (WW models in all nodes), reducing the MAE in each cerebellar cortex region. C The single-subject MAE is computed for each subject by averaging the cerebellar cortex region-specific MAE over cerebellar cortex regions. The shaded areas represent the SEM, indicating inter-regional variability. When using the cMF-TVB for simulating whole brain activity, the MAE between simulated and empirical signals (~0.25) is significantly reduced compared to the standard TVB (Mann–Whitney p value < 0.001).