Table 1 Summary of histopathology findings

From: Inactivated rabies-based Lassa fever virus vaccine candidate LASSARAB protects nonhuman primates from lethal disease

ID

Sex

Group

Brain Meningo- encephalitis

Choroid Plexus Inflammation

Heart Pancarditis, Myocarditis

Liver Necrotizing Hepatitis

Spleen Vasculitis Arteritis

Lung Interstitial Pneumonia, Alveolitis,

Multisystemic Vasculitis or Arteritis

Vaccine Site Pathology (yes or No)

Lymph node, peripheral Lymphoid hyperplasia

Proliferative and Necrotizing Poly-

arteritis

Animal Score

(yes or No)

NHP1

F

Vaccinated

0

0

0

0

0

0*

Yes

No

3

1

4

Lung

NHP2

M

Vaccinated

1

1

0

0

0

0

Yes

No

3

4

9

Testicle Epididymis

NHP3

F

Vaccinated

0

1

1

0

0

0

Yes

No

3

3

8

Liver Meninges

NHP4

F

Vaccinated

1

1

1

0

0

0

Yes

Yes

2

4

9

Liver Kidneys Uterus Brain Heart

NHP5

F

Vaccinated

1

0

1

0**

0

0*

Yes

No

3

3

8

Kidneys Brain Meninges

NHP6

M

Vaccinated

0

0

1

0

0

0

No

No

3

0

4

NHP7

M

Control

2

2

3

3

3

3

Yes

Yes

3

0

19

NHP8

F

Control

1

3

1

0**

0

2

Yes

No

3

0

10

NHP9

F

Control

2

3

1

4

2

4

Yes

Yes

3

0

19

NHP10

M

Control

1

3

1

5

3

3

Yes

Yes

0

0

16

NHP11

M

Control

2

2

2

3

0

4

Yes

Yes

3

0

16

NHP12

M

Control

2

0

0

4

0

3

Yes

Yes

3

0

12

Tissue Score

13

16

12

19

8

19

11-Yes 1-No

6-Yes 6-No

32

15

 
  1. *NHP1 and NHP5 had Bronchitis, neutrophilic, and lymphohistiocytic, but the etiology was not apparent on H&E so this was not included in the table findings.
  2. **NHP8 had Cholangiohepatitis but it is unclear whether this is related to LASV infection and only present in 1 animal, therefore, this lesion was not included in the tabled findings. The highest scoring group was CORAVAX-immunized NHP with scores of 10–19.
  3. 5/6 CORAVAX-imunized NHP had mild to moderate vasculitis, hemorrhage, +/− histiocytic inflammation of the subcutis and dermis. 1/6 LASSARAB-immunized NHP had moderate focal hemorrhage of the subcutis.
  4. The lowest scoring group was the LASSARAB-immunized with scores of 4–9.
  5. The highest-scoring histopathologic changes are lymphoid hyperplasia, lung alveolitis, liver necrotizing hepatitis, and choroid plexus inflammation. 6/6 CORAVAX-immunized NHP succumbed to LASV infection.
  6. 6/6 LASSARAB-immunized NHP survived.
  7. 11/12 NHP had vasculitis or arteritis in one or more tissues examined.
  8. 5/6 LASSARAB-immunized NHP had proliferative and necrotizing polyarteritis in single or multiple tissues examined.
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