Fig. 2: Effect modification of clinical and demographic variables on RTS,S-induced immunogenicity markers following the booster dose at M21.

Forest plots illustrating fold differences in geometric mean relative concentrations (ratios) of CSP- and HBsAg-stimulated cytokine responses between R3R (RTS,S-boosted) and C3C (Comparator) groups stratified by age, sex, site, prior malaria exposure (1-year before M20), anemia, and WAZ scores, for the primary RTS,S immunogenicity markers (IL-2, IL-13, IFN-γ, IL-17 or IL-5). Open and closed diamonds representing conditions within each factor are defined in the bottom panel showing sample size. Point estimates and whiskers indicate 95% CI. No significant effect modification (interaction) in a regression model was found following Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment. Bar plots representing the number of study participants within each group are shown at the bottom.