Fig. 5: Monovalent and bivalent adapted JN.1 vaccines induce nAbs against JN.1 and KP.2, KP.3 and XEC subvariants in booster immunization schedules.
From: Development of bivalent RBD adapted COVID-19 vaccines for broad sarbecovirus immunity

BALB/c mice were i.m. immunized on days 0 and 14 with mRNA XBB.1.5 vaccine (Spikevax) and boosted on day 75 with: ARVAC JN.1 (n = 6), ARVAC XBB.1.5 (n = 6), ARVAC Gamma/Omicron BA.4/5 (n = 6) and ARVAC Gamma/JN.1 (n = 6) or Spikevax XBB.1.5 (n = 6). a Neutralizing-antibody titers against XEC, KP.2, KP.3, JN.1, XBB.1.5, Omicron BA.5, Gamma and Ancestral SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated at 75 (preboost) and 103 dpp (postboost). Neutralization titer was defined as the serum dilution that reduces 50% the cytopathic effect (NT50). Bars are GMT ± SD. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. Kruskal–Wallis test. b Radar charts were drawn based on the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralizing antibody in serum pre and post boost against live viruses for each vaccinated group.