Fig. 1: EV-A71 biology.

A Depiction of the EV-A71 genome, polyprotein, precursor proteins, and processed proteins. Triangles indicate the protease responsible for cleavage. B A three-dimensional schematic of the EV-A71 virion was obtained from the protein database entry 6UH1¹⁸². VP1, VP2, and VP3 are depicted in green, purple, and orange, respectively. Fivefold, threefold, and twofold axes of symmetry are indicated in dashed black lines. C Based on the 6UH1 structure¹⁸², a three-dimensional schematic of the capsid proteins VP1-4 was generated using ChimeraX. Key structural features relevant to host humoral response are highlighted with bold lines for epitopes in the visual plane and dashed lines for antigenic sites that are out of view. VP1, VP2, VP3, and VP4 are colored in green, purple, orange, and black, respectively. D Schematic of the EV-A71 life cycle. Key steps in the life cycle are indicated in bold. Briefly, EV-A71 attaches to the receptor, is endocytosed, the virus uncoats and the viral genomic RNA is released into the cytosol, where it can be translated and processed into various viral proteins or used as a template for replication. Virus particles are assembled, matured, and released via lytic or non-lytic pathways. Image generated using Biorender.