Fig. 3: Schematic representation of immune response to primary EV-A71 infection based on the literature51,57,58,59,60. | npj Vaccines

Fig. 3: Schematic representation of immune response to primary EV-A71 infection based on the literature51,57,58,59,60.

From: Enterovirus A71 priorities, challenges, and future opportunities in humoral immunity and vaccine development

Fig. 3

The incubation period is 4–6 days from virus exposure to symptom onset (Day 0). The percentage of patients with detectable viral RNA from serum (pink) decreases from symptom onset (day 0) with viremia (red) peaking at symptomatic day three and four58. The dashed red line is used to express a rise in serum EV-A71. However, as this period is before symptom onset, limited data is available to concretely describe viremia levels. The geometric mean titer of serum nAbs (blue) ranged from ~100 to at day 1 post symptom onset to ~1000 at day five60 or six59, depending on the study. SIgA (black) peaks between 6–10 days after symptom onset and decreases thereafter based51. Figure made with Biorender.

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