Fig. 5: Residual DNA quantification in all analysed vaccine batches using Qubit fluorometry with the Qubit 1x dsDNA HS Assay Kit.

DNA was isolated using two different methods: A extraction with phenol-chloroform-isoamylalcohol, and B the MAGicBead cfDNA Isolation Kit (Zymo Research). The red dashed lines indicate the limit of 10 ng per vaccine dose. Each dot represents an individual vial (biological replicate), with values corresponding to the average of two measurements (technical replicates). Horizontal lines indicate the mean of three biological replicates, with error bars showing the standard deviation. Unexpired vaccine batches are marked with an asterisk.