Table 1

From: Chemical, ecotoxicological characteristics, environmental fate, and treatment methods applied to cyanide-containing wastewater

Volatilization

\(\begin{array}{cc}{{\rm{HCN}}}_{\left({\rm{aq}}\right)}\,{{\rightleftarrows}}\,{{\rm{HCN}}}_{\left({\rm{g}}\right)}\end{array}\)

(1)

Radical oxidation

\(\begin{array}{cc}{{\rm{HCN}}}_{\left({\rm{g}}\right)}+\cdot {\rm{O}}{{\rm{H}}}_{\left({\rm{g}}\right)}\to \cdot {\rm{C}}{{\rm{N}}}_{\left({\rm{g}}\right)}+{{\rm{H}}}_{2}{{\rm{O}}}_{\left({\rm{g}}\right)}\end{array}\)

(2)

Radical oxidation

\({{\rm{HCN}}}_{({\rm{g}})}+{{\rm{O}}}\left({1\atop}{\rm{D}}\right)_{({\rm{g}})}\to \cdot {{\rm{CN}}}_{({\rm{g}})}+\cdot {{\rm{OH}}}_{({\rm{g}})}\)

(3)

Photolysis

\({{\rm{HCN}}}_{\left({\rm{g}}\right)}\mathop{\longrightarrow }\limits^{{\rm{UV}},{\rm{\lambda }}\le 179{\rm{nm}}}\cdot {\rm{C}}{{\rm{N}}}_{\left({\rm{g}}\right)}+\cdot {{\rm{H}}}_{\left({\rm{g}}\right)}\)

(4)

Equilibria

\({{\rm{HCN}}}_{({\rm{aq}})}\rightleftarrows {{\rm{H}}}_{({\rm{aq}})}^{+}+{{\rm{C}}{{\rm{N}}}^{-}}_{({\rm{aq}})}\)

(5)

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