Table 3 Overview of precursors and synthesis methods for BiVO4

From: Fundamentals and environmental applications of bismuth vanadate through photoelectrocatalysis

Bi3+ source

VO43− source

Ratio (Bi:V)

Synthesis Method

Conditions

Ref.

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:3), (1:1), (3:1)

Hydrothermal

pH: 1, 4, 7, 12, and 13. T: 100 °C, 150 °C, 200 °C, 250 °C for 24 h.

101

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 200 °C for 24 h.

225

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 140 °C for 12 h.

226

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 180 °C for 12 h.

227

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal and calcination

pH: 0.

T: 180 °C for 12 h, then calcination at 400 °C for 2 h.

228

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal and calcination

T: 180 °C for 24 h, then calcination at 500 °C for 5 h.

229

Bi5O(OH)9(NO3)4

bismuth sub-nitrate

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal and calcination

pH: 10.

T: 180 °C for 18 h, then calcination at 550 °C for 3 h.

230

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal and sintering

T: 130 °C for 12 h, then sintered for 4 h at 800 °C.

Microparticle synthesis.

231

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 160 °C for 18 h. Synthesis of villus microstructures.

232

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:2)

Hydrothermal and calcination

pH: 6.

T: 120 °C for 4 h, then calcination at 400 °C for 60 min. Synthesis of nanoparticles.

233

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

pH: 4.

T: 200 °C for 8 h. Synthesis of nanoparticles.

234

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(5:4)

Hydrothermal

T: 160 °C for 24 h. Synthesis of nanoparticles.

235

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:2)

Simple mixture

T: 100 °C for 5 min under N2 atmosphere.

Synthesis of nanoparticles.

236

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Reflux

T: 80 °C and refluxed overnight.

237

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Reflux

pH: 6–7.

T: 80 °C.

Synthesis of microtubes.

238

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal and calcination

T: 160 °C for 24 h, then calcination at 500 °C (2 °C min-1) for 2 h. Synthesis of nanotubes.

239

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 200 °C for 1.5 h. Synthesis of nanosheets.

240

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 160 °C for 60 min. Synthesis of nanosheets.

241

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Simple mixture and sintering

T: room temperature (RT) for 24 h, then sintered for ~2 h at 600 °C.

242

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Simple mixture, ultrasonic treatment, and calcination

T: RT for 1 h, then ultrasonic irradiation at RT for 1 h. Finally, calcination at 600 °C (5 °C min⁻1) for 3 h.

242

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Simple mixture and ultrasonic treatment

T: RT for 30 min, then ultrasonic irradiation at 40 °C for 30 min.

243

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:2)

Simple mixture

T: 100 °C for 40 min under N2 atmosphere.

Synthesis of nanosheets.

236

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 180 °C for 24 h.

Synthesis of nanosheets.

107

Bi2O3

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

(microwave-assisted) and calcination

pH: 7.5.

T: 200 °C for 30 min, then calcination at 600–900 °C for 6 h.

244

BiCl3

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 160 °C for 12 h. Synthesis of nanosheets.

245

BiCl3

NaVO3

(10:9)

Hydrothermal and calcination

T: 120 °C for 12 h, then

calcination at 450 °C for 8 min. Synthesis of nanosheets.

246

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

Na3VO4

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

pH: 6.

T: 180 °C for 24 h.

185

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 100 °C for 10 h. Synthesis of quantum dots.

247

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 100 °C for 12 h. Synthesis of quantum dots.

116

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

Na3VO4·12H2O

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 100 °C for 10 h. Synthesis of quantum dots.

117

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

1) Calcination

(seed layer)

T: 450 °C for 2 h.

130

(1:1)

2) Hydrothermal and calcination

T: 180 °C for 12 h, then calcination at 450 °C for 2 h.

 

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

1) Calcination

(seed layer)

T: 450 °C for 2 h.

97

(1:1)

2) Hydrothermal and calcination

T: 180 °C for 12 h, then calcination at 450 °C for 2 h.

 

BiCl3

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Hydrothermal

T: 160 °C for 12 h.

248

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

NH4VO3

(1:1)

Calcination

T: 500 °C for 3 h.

249

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

VO(acac)2 (vanadyl acetylacetonate)

(1:1)

Calcination

T: 500 °C for 10 min.

250

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

VO(acac)2

(1:1)

Calcination

T: 500 °C (2 °C min⁻1) for 2 h.

251

C24H45BiO6 (Bismuth(III) 2-ethylhexanoate)

VO(acac)2

(1:1)

Calcination (electrospray)

T: 450 °C for 120 min.

56

CAU-17 (Bi-MOF of Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC))

NH4VO3

-

Calcination

T: 450 °C (5 °C min⁻1) for 3 h.

252

C24H45BiO6

OV(OC2H5)3

(vanadium-(V) oxytriethoxide)

(6:7)

Calcination

T: 100 °C for 10 h, then 450 °C (0.6 °C min⁻1) for 2 h.

253

Bi(NO3)3·5H2O

K3V5O14 (produced from the reaction of K2CO3 and V2O5 at 450 °C for 5 h)

-

Hydrothermal

T: 150 °C for 10 h with stirring.

254

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